The comorbidity of panic disorder with other psychiatric disorders is prevalent. This study aims to investigate the comorbid Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with panic disorder (PD) in adults.In this study 65 people with a diagnosis of panic disorder and 65 healthy volunteers who admitted to outpatient psychiatry clinic were included. In order to determine the disease severity and current clinical state Panic Agoraphobia Scale was used. Sociodemographic information form, Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and Adult ADHD Diagnosis and Assessment Scale was used. Diagnosis of PD was significantly higher in women. Also it was observed that unemployment was statistically higher in PD group. There was no difference observed in between mean ages, marital status and education level. In patients diagnosed with panic disorder ADHD comorbidity rate was 15,4%. In comorbidity cases subgroups of ADHD was found as; 60% mixed, 20% hyperactivity and impulsivity, 20 % attention deficit dominant type showing statistical significance. In all cases with agoraphobia it was associated with ADHD comorbidity. It was observed that PD comorbid with ADHD was associated with less work continuity than ADHD without PD comorbidity. There was no significant difference in alcohol use among ADHD diagnosed patients in both groups. ADHD diagnosis wasn’t observed in individuals over 40 years of age. In our study comorbidity of PD with ADHD was shown to be high. In all patients with Agorophobia ADHD comorbidity was detected.

Trichotillomania can be described as a psychiatric disorder where a recurring hair pulling behaviour is observed in an individual.Neurobiological causes of this condition is still unclear. Because of this, definite solutions can not be presented in the treatment.Molecular genetic studies are of great importance for a better understanding of the etiology of trichotillomania and for the treatmentof this disorder. As of today, our knowledge and information about trichotillomania is limited. The molecular analyzes madesuggest that HOXB8, SAPAP3, DRD1, DRD4, SLC6A4 genes may be related to the disease. In this review, the psychological andphysiological basis and classification of trichotillomania will be followed by genetic polymorphisms that are thought to be related tomolecular genetic studies, animal studies and disorders of trichotillomania. We hope that this article will also guide to the furthermolecular studies that can be carried out in this subject.

Flow state emerges when a person engages in autotelic activities, which are both enjoyable and challenging. While studies generally focused on qualitative data of flow state, a few were conducted on psychophysiological basis of it. Present study aimed to investigate EEG correlates of flow. Twenty participants preliminarily filled out Flow Short Scale Turkish Version and completed a ping-pong game at two levels (slow-boring and fast-flow) during EEG recording. The results revealed that theta power was significantly greater for all regions during flow condition compared to non-flow condition and delta power was significantly greater during flow on central and parietal regions. There is no difference between flow/non-flow conditions for coherence. A positive correlation was found between delta and theta powers and subscales scores of Flow Short Scale. The increases in these theta and delta frequency bands could be important indicators of flow state. The coherence results revealed that interhemispheric synchronization was not modified by flow. If confirmed with multiple tasks and in clinical groups, EEG correlates of flow state could be useful increase performance and well-being.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is chronic, metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. It has been widely observed that large proportion of patients show psychological resistance to the initiation of insulin treatment, and as a result they are exposed to many complications of diabetes. It was aimed to identify the perceptions and beliefs that cause psychological insulin resistance among Type 2 DM diagnosed patients, to determine relationship between sociodemographic data and these perceptions & beliefs. In research, 120 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM were included followed by outpatient clinic of Bursa Þevket Yýlmaz State Hospital Internal Medicine Unit. Patients were evaluated with socio-demographic information form, diabetes-related problem areas scale (PAID), insulin treatment assessment scale (ITAS), state and trait anxiety inventory (STAI), beck depression inventory (BDI). The average PAID score of patients is 63.75±13.88, BDI scores: 15.16±8.25, State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) subscale scores: 41.96±3.74, Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) subscale scores: 46.80±5.52. Correlation was found between age, duration of diabetes, sex, marital status, education level, employment status, type of treatment, the level of importance of blood sugar regulation, the difficulty level of blood glucose adjustment,complications, currently treatment for depression and certain items of ITAS. Similarly, relationship was found between certain items of ITAS and total PAID scores, SAI subscale scores, TAI subscalescores. As a result, it has been found that patients have psychological resistant to start insulin therapy and this is caused by large number of negative perceptions and thoughts. Cognitive interventions for perceptions and thoughts can reduce psychological resistance to insulin therapy.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. Athough some epidemiological studies take part in literature, which claim that traumatic life events in childhood ages are observed more in patients with OCD compared to healthy population, the number of these studies is limited.In this study it is aimed to compare OCD patients with healthy volunteers in terms of traumatic life events in childhood ages. With 25 consecutive patients who are diagnosed as OCD and whose treatment continues, 25 healthy controls equivalented in terms of sociodemographic features are icluded in the study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Childhood Age Trauma Quarter (CTQ) and Maudley Obsessive Compulsive Question List (MOCQL) are applied to the participants. Significance Value in statistical level is accepted as p< 0,05. In OCD patient group, CTQ scores are found high in statistical level compared to healthy controls.It has been determined that there is a significant relationship between total score of MOCQL slowness subscale scores, subscalescores of sexual and emotional abuse, MOCQL rumination subscale scores and CTQ sexual abuse scores. Compared to healthy controls,more findings of traumatic life event in childhood age are observed within OCD patients.

The importance of gender on phenomenology and course of bipolar illness has been an increased focus of study over recent years. The purpose of present study was to examine whether gender differences exist in the sociodemographic characterictics, age of onset, severity of disease, number & type of episodes, symptomatology and treatment response of bipolar disorder. The life charts of 300 (193 female; 107 male) patients with BD type-I were evaluated retrospectively. BD diagnosis of patients was given by two experienced clinicians in accordance with DSM-IV-TR criteria. A semi-structured chart which was developed to assess sociodemographic and clinical features of patients and “mirror design” method was utilized for the assessment of patients’ response patterns to maintenance treatment. Bipolar women were significantly more likely to have history of (at least one) any mood episode than bipolar men. However no significant gender differences emerged in number of manic or mix episodes; whereas, women had more depressive episodes. Frequency of psychotic episodes (at least one episode during lifetime) was higher for men than women.. There was also no significant gender difference in terms of response to lithium and anticonvulsant maintenance treatment, mean episode severity and age of onset. The results of the present study show that some gender differences may be evident in patients with BD-I. In the highlight of that investigators studying bipolar disorder may need to consider gender as a variable for assessment and treatment strategies.

In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between separation anxiety and social anxiety in university students. Participants consist of a total of 114 university students, including 102 women and 12 men in Istanbul. Sociodemographic data form, Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Questionnaire and Separation Anxiety Questionnaire were applied to university students. Statistical analyzes of the data obtained from the study were conducted with the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS v21). In the intergroup comparisons, independent sample t test and one way ANOVA for normal dividing data; Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test were performed for normal non-dispersed data. Relations between scores obtained from the scales were calculated by Pearson correlation analysis. As a result of analysis, a significant difference was found between social anxieties and between avoidance scores according to mother education level and income level. Separation anxiety scores and adult separation anxiety scores were found significantly higher in those with general medical illness stories than those without general medical illness stories. There was a significant positive correlation between social anxiety and avoidance scores of university students and separation anxiety and adult separation anxiety scores. Social anxiety and avoidance behaviors can be a result of separation anxiety caused by traumatic experiences such as separation from mother or caregiver in childhood that prolonged in adulthood.

The evidence base data regarding long-term treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) is less than satisfactory. With the first-line rank of lithium and valproate; antipsychotics (AP) and anticonvulsants (AC) considered options for prolonged treatment in remitted bipolar patients. Literature demonstrates various treatment options in remitted patients with different clinical features. The aim of this study to present and assess clinical outcomes of maintenance treatment for BD with various clinical features. In total 186 bipolar patients in remission were enrolled in this study. All the patients were evaluated with SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV) ; and lifelong psychiatric comorbidities were determined. Sociodemographical and clinical features, and lifelong pharmacological treatment of the patients were assessed. Semi-structured interview schedules were filled. 71% lithium, 44% AC, 18% AP monotherapies and 23% lithium-AC, 15% lithium-AP, 25% AC-AP combination therapies were used as maintenance treatment. 61% and 62% of the patients were responders of lithium and AC monotherapies respectively. AC and AP combination had the highest response level. The predictors on the probability of treatment response for lithium were being married, non-psychotic, to show seasonal pattern and less severe episodes. Anticonvulsants were effective in males, divorces, suicide attempters, and the patients with predominance of mixed features in periods. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was the most common comorbid diagnosis in study group. Lithium monotherapy was tended to use in prevention, however treatment combinations which contain APs might be effective alternative to monotherapy. Individualized medication ought to be administered for each patient, with the consideration of clinical features and tolerability.

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) is an emerging concept related to internet and social media usage. FOMO is described as feelinganxiety when the person does not use social media. Studies showed that FOMO affects well-being negatively. In this study, weaimed to build a Turkish scale for measuring FOMO. For this, 31 items were prepared and in the final scale 22 items were retained.The reliability and validity measures were found to be adequate. For the future studies, we recommend to test the scale also withthe adolescent population and to explore the relationship between FOMO and well-being.